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12
Irregular verbs
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Regular verbs fonn their past tense and past participle by adding -d or -ed. Verbs which fonn their past tense and/or past participle in other ways, e.g. with a vowel
change, as in sing, sang, sung, or even with no change, as in CUI, cuI, cut, are irregular. A reasonably full list follows (ArnE = American English alternative).
12.1 List of irregular verbs (page 1 of 2)
INFINmVE
arise
awake
be
bear
PAST TENSE
arose
awoke/ ArnE awaked
was, were
bore
~
~~
beat
beat
became
become
beget
begotJbegat
begin
began
bend
bent
beseeched/besought
beseech
bet
betJbetted
bid (request)
bade/bid
bid (auction)
bid
bound
bind
bit
bite
bled
bleed
blow
blew
broke
break
bred
breed
bring
brought
broadcast broadcast/ ArnE -.e\\
build
built
bum
burnt/burned
burst
burst
bust
bustJbusted
buy
bought
PAST PARTICIPLE
arisen
awoken/ArnE awaked
been
bome
born (passive only)
beaten
become
begotten/begot
begun
bent
beseeched/besought
betJbetted
bidden/bid
bid
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
broadcast/ArnE -ed
built
burnt/burned
burst
bustJbusted
bought
cast
cast
cast
catch
caught
caught
choose
chose
chosen
cleave (split) cleaved/cJ.eWc.lQY:e cleaved/cl.efl/c.l.Q~e!1
cleave (adhere) cleaved/clove
cleaved
cling
clung
clung
come
come
came
cost
cost
cost
crept
creep
crept
cut
cut
cut
dealt
deal
dealt
dug
dig
dug
dived/AnzE dove
dive
dived/ ArnE dove
done
do
did
dra\v
drew
drawn
dream
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
drink
drank
drunk
drive
dwell
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
tind
fit
flee
fling
drove
dwelt/ ArnE dwelled
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fitted/fit
fled
flung
driven
dwelt/ArnE dwelled
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fitted/fit
fled
flung
fly
forbid
flew
forbade/ArnE forbad
forecast
forecasU-~_Q
forget
forgot
forgive
forsake
freeze
get
forgave
forsook
froze
got
give
gave
go
went
grind
ground
grow
grew
hang
hung
hang (execute) R
hanged
have
had
hear
heard
heave R
heaved
heave (in)lo (naut.) hove
hide
hid
hit
hit
hold
held
hurt
hurt
keep
kept
kneel
knelt/ArnE kneeled
knit (pref. gamlcnts) knitllmitted
knit (pref. bones)
knit
flown
forbidden
forecast/-ed
forgotten/ArnE forgot
forgiven
forsaken
frozen
got/ArnE gotten
given
gone
ground
grown
hung
hanged
had
heard
heaved
hove
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt/ArnE kneeled
knit/knitted
knit
know
kne\\'
known
lay
laid
laid
,
.
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12.1 List of irregular verbs (page 2 of 2)
INFINmVE
PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
lead
lean
leap
leam
led
leant/leaned
leapt/leaped
learnt/learned
left
lent
let
lay
Iit/lighted
lost
made
meant
met
led
leant/leaned
leapt/leaped
learnt/learned
left
lent
let
leave
lend
let
lie (down)
light
lose
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make
mean
meet
mistake
mow
pay
plead
prove
put
quit
read
rid
ride
rmg
rise
run
saw
say
see
seek
sell
mistook
mowed
paid
pleaded! AmE pled
proved
put
quit/quitted
read
rid
rode
rang
rose
ran
sawed
said
saw
sought
sold
lain
strive
swear
sweep
swell
stole
stolen
stuck
stung
stank/stunk
stuck
stung
stunk
stridden, strode
struck
strung
strode
struck
strung
strove, strived
sworn
swept
swollen/swelled
swum
swung
taken
taught
tom
told
thought
thrived/ ArnE th.ri.Y!<D
thrown
thrust
trodden/trod
woken/ ArnE waked
waked
worn
woven
mistaken
teach
mown/mowed
paid
pleaded! AmE pled
proved/proven
put
quit/quitted
read
rid
ridden
rung
tear
tore
tell
think
thrive
throw
told
thought
thrived/ AmE throve
threw
thrust
trod! AmE tm!\l.~1!
woke/ArnE waked
waked
risen
weave (carpet)
run
sawn/ AmE sawed
said
seen
send
set
set
<'ew
sewed
sewn/sewed
swim
swing
take
thrust
tread
wake (up)
wake (corpse) R
wore
wove
weave (in traffic)R weaved
wear
wed
weep
wet
WIn
wind (wrap)
wnng
write
striven, strived
swore
swept
swelled
swam
swung
took
taught
lit/lighted
lost
made
meant
met
sought
sold
sent
set
sent
steal
stick
sting
stink
stride
strike
string
weaved
wedded/wed
wedded!wed
wept
wept
wet/wetted
wet/wetted
won
won
wound! AmE winded wound! AmE winded
wrung
wrung
wrote
written
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