Tony Garnier's Industrial City Plan (1918)

TONY GARNIER: UNE CITE’ INDUSTRIELLE (1918)
Tony Garniers Une Cite industrialle is a well coordinated and monumentally conceived plan
incorporating a utopian and a modernist vision for a population of 35,000 inhabitants.The city
was envisaged in detail having facilities like schools,hospitals,factories,residential quarters and
recreational facilities.
His proposal included:
A decentralised layout
Traffic-free pedestrian zones,
Residential districts with gardens to emphasize continuous pedestrian
Circulation and orientation
Placement to follow local climatic design variables.
Garnier heavily stressed on “regulations” embodied in his planning principles and design.
The proposed material-CONCRETE which would permit open plan and roof terraces and glass
windows for letting in ample amount of sunlight and natural ventilation.
1.LAYOUT
POPULATION- 35,000 inhabitants
SITE- equal amount of hillside and level plain transected
by a river assumed in southeastern France.
Main factory situated on the plain while the railway track
divides the factory and the town which is located on the
higher plain.The hospital is located on the highest level.
BUILDING MATERIALS: Indigenous to the town
PRINCIPLE ELEMENTS
Factory
Hospital
Town
Reasons of establishing the town:
Availability of raw materials for manufacturing
Existence of a natural energy source available for
industrial purposes
Site’s accessibility to transportation
 Rushing stream advantageous for a dam
2.HOUSING
Residential quarters subdidvided into blocks-150m X 30m
and further divided into 15m X 15m.
At least one south facing window in each bedroom.
Internal space to be ventilated directly from outside and
not rely on internal shafts.
RESIDENCE
SITE
GARDEN
PUBLIC PATHWAY
GROUND COVERAGE OF RESIDENCE <
50 % OF SITE
ILLUSTRATION SHOWING LAYOUT OF VARIOUS
FUNCTIONS IN THE INDUSTRIAL CITY
The street layout is a grid of parallel and
perpendicular streets.
STREETS
E-W streets- 13-19 M WIDE,originates at the
railway station
N-S streets-20M WIDE,trees lined on either
side
Plan of residential quarter
3.ADMINISTRATION-PUBLIC BUILDINGS
GROUP I: Administrative services and assembly halls
GROUP II: Museum
GROUP III: Public buildings for sports and entertainment
GROUP I: Administrative
services and assembly halls
GROUP II: Museum
GROUP III: Public buildings for
sports and entertainment
Open hall with a capacity of
3000 with continuous access to
public.
Archaeological,historical,art
istic,industrial,commercial
documents relating to the
city.
Theatre and entertainment hall
(1,900 seating) with movable stage
for quick scene changes, green
rooms,public restaurant.
Botanical collections in a
large Greenhouse.
Semi circular amphitheatre.
3 Amphitheatres-Largest one
with 1000 seating capacity,rest
with 500 seating capacity
Meeting rooms located
beneath a portico providing a
covered promenade and
spacious area where people can
meet.
Clock tower indicating the
centre of the town
Gymnasia
 Library,Map room and
surrounding storerooms
A large hall for temporary
exhibitions, with four
separate entrances so that
several small exhibitions can
be set up at once.
Public bath building with both
heated and unheated pools.
Athletic fields, tracks for cycling
and running boredered by a
grandstands,grassy terraces and
screened by trees.
4.SCHOOLS
Primary co-ed schools conveniently located throughout the city’s neighbourhoods for children
upto fourteen years of age.
A landscape street will separate the juniors and the seniors with play areas for use including open
porticos and arcades.
Secondary schools will be situated in N-E part of the town.
The school principal and the staff will be provided with residences nearby.
Provision for Professional industrial school concerned with supporting two major industries of silk
and metallurgy has also been made.
5.HEALTH FACILITIES
715 bedded hospital situated on the hillside towards the north of the city.
Trees planted towards the E-W formed a shelter from the cold mountain winds.
HEALTH COMPLEX
HOSPITAL
HELIOTHERAPY
CENTER
HOSPITAL FOR
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES
HOSPITAL FOR
INVALID DISEASES
6.RAILWAY STATION
The average sized railway station is sited at the intersection of the great artery leading out of town
and into the streets along the riverbank.
Housing,hotels,department stores are located around the railway station so that the rest of the
city is free of tall structures.The railway station faces an open market.
Railway yard is situated farthest to the east,public amenities are at the street level,underground
walkways equipped with waiting rooms.
SECTION OF THE RAILWAY STATION (UNE CITE’ INDUSTRIELLE)
6.PUBLIC SERVICES
The administration is in charge of sewage and garbage diposal and recycling of refuse.
The Municipal will also control water supply, electrical power, and heating for industrial as
well as for private consumption,
It requires a centralized plant to provide such services to all buildings and other areas of the city
7.FACTORIES
The nearby mines supply facilitate metallurgy works hence being the major industrial produce of
the city.
The hydropower plant is the main source of energy for the industries as well as the city.
The factory produce includes steel rods,metal,wheels and agricultural tools.
FACTORY COMPLEX
BLAST FURNACES
STEEL MILLS
WORKSHOPS
SHIP DOCKYARD
VEHICLE TESTING TRACKS
7.CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Concrete-Walls and foundations
R.C.C-sills and roofing
Construction quality: simple,without ornamentation and with sheer surfaces.
Use of concrete and cement to obtain large vertical and horizontal surfaces.
It endows the building structure with a sense of calm and is in harmony with the natural
contours of the site.
Tony Garnier's vision proposed what he saw as a solution to the problems that faced man
and society at that time.
In his praise, Edouard Herriot said:
“This builder, this realistic person, was spontaneously human. His sensitivity was only equal to
his modesty. His culture proved to be often surprising. Indeed, Tony Garnier was a master,
with all the nobleness and intelligence included in this word. A master, which means a guide
and an example… But the Man was as admirable as the scholar; his moral qualities were
equal to his genius.”
REFERENCES
Time saver standards for urban design
Architecture+Urbanism
Google Books Preview Une’ City Industrielle- Tony Garnier
IMAGES
http://www.arch.umd.edu
http://utopies.skynetblogs.be/archive/2008/12/09/tony-garnier-1869-1948-la-citeindustrielle.html
Time saver standards for urban design
SUBMITTED BY:
Tejasi Gadkari
30/08
IX sem